China's photovoltaic products by Europe and the United States both domestic consumption to the controversial foreign energy saving
Solar photovoltaic in China is the"12th Five-Year Plan" focus on the development of new energy field, China is the most competitive one of export commodities. As a typical " three outside" industry, China's solar PV industry in to foreign users delivering clean energy at the same time, it consumes a lot of domestic energy resources, this phenomenon should be caused take seriously. Some experts think, this" domestic consumption, foreign energy" export model the loss outweighs the gain., to borrow the current external demand slowdown machine vigorously open up the domestic market, gradually reduced photovoltaic products export, promote industry integration.
Europe and the United States '" double reverse" stick photovoltaic products export prospects
Thanks to the European photovoltaic market pull move, China's photovoltaic industry in 2004 after has experienced rapid development, continuous growth rate over 100% years. Since 2007, China's photovoltaic battery crop resides the world firmly the first, become the world's largest photovoltaic product output.
Statistical data shows,2011 global solar photovoltaic battery production has reached 33000000kilowatts, the actual production capacity can reach 45000000kW; from the point of domestic situation, in 2011 China's photovoltaic battery capacity has reached 35000000 kilowatts, to meet the global solar photovoltaic battery installation need.
Photovoltaic products export volume continues to increase, the price glides ceaselessly however. Solar battery for example, last year the export price decline of 37.1%, from the beginning of the year2 dollars / W continued to fall, the low price of only $0.8/ W. Although PV annual export volume growth of more than 70%, but Jiangsu province last PV products exports increased by only 12.2%,15230000000dollars.
Recently, Europe and the United States for China's photovoltaic products "double reverse"" inhibition" more hoop tight, let the domestic photovoltaic industry exports cast a shadow.
The United States Department of Commerce in late March to Chinese solar PV products countervailing investigation preliminary identification of Chinese enterprises involved in the case, there are 2.9%-4.73% ranging from subsidies amplitude, and back in 90 days.
In May, the United States Department of Commerce announced a new round again photovoltaic cell and module products anti-dumping investigation preliminary ruling, Chinese enterprises involved in the case of application of 31.14% to249.96% of the provisional anti-dumping tax, and tax measures to move back90 days. This time the punitive tariffs will be superimposed announced in March the countervailing duty. The United States Department of Commerce final results will be announced in October.
The bad news than these. Suntech Power Holdings Ltd. chairman Shi Zhengrong said, the EU and India may follow the United States of America 's footsteps, the Chinese solar PV industry to make a similar" double reverse" survey, impose punitive tariffs. This will allow enterprises in one disaster after another.
" Our country nearly six into PV products sold to the European market, once the EU ' dual ', China's photovoltaic manufacturers will suffer devastating blow." Beijing Jiaotong University Institute of solar energy research institute director Xu Zheng said.
The National Energy Bureau of new energy and renewable energy division deputy director Shi Lishan said, China's solar PV industry is a typical" three outside" industry : a photovoltaic battery production equipment mainly imported from abroad; two is the number of crystalline silicon materials mainly imported from abroad; three is the production of photovoltaic products are mainly exported abroad. In recent years, with joint efforts, some enterprises in our country has basically mastered the polycrystalline silicon material production technology, production of polysilicon has to meet our country's50% production of photovoltaic cells, solar cell production equipment is homebred change ability rises quickly also," three out" of the situation has changed, but the photovoltaic cell product market outside the condition has not changed, many of the key equipment and raw and auxiliary materials for the external dependence is still very high, this one industry or excessive dependence on foreign.
Shi Lishan thinks, in a quite long time, China photovoltaic industry is mainly dependent on international photovoltaic market conditions will be difficult to sustain. Affected by financial crisis, the global trade protectionism. The developed countries in addition to take anti-dumping, countervailing and other traditional means of trade protection, also tries to make more strict emission regulations, technical standards, labor standards, social responsibility, to strengthen the industrial control and dominate, to undermine the developing countries export competitiveness.
Consumption of their electricity saving others can
With exports of" winter", domestic photovoltaic industry energy crisis more worrying. " Over the years, Chinese flowers with high energy consumption, work overtime for a foreigner to saving energy, solar photovoltaic industry the development model has to the reflection time." Director of research center of economy of Xiamen University China energy Lin Boqiang will this phenomenon called " people eat apples I food residue".
The reporter interviews understanding to arrive, in the photovoltaic products in the production process, purification of silicon phase energy consuming. In the production of their power is 240 w C S6P component as an example, silicon smelting, purification of silicon, silicon ingot and wafer manufacturing, battery manufacturing, PV module manufacturing stage power consumption roughly38 degrees, respectively398 degrees,64 degrees,39degrees and 5 degrees, the whole consumption 544 degrees, and it can make2.2watt LED bulb LED 120years ( according to work every day for 12hours). If the component is installed in the light of two kinds of areas, power consumption will be recovered in 1.9 years, and during the next 20years, approximately12098 degree of green power.
" The short-term investment and long-term energy consumption energy saving ratio seemingly proved a powerful solar energy industry, but attention is required, the utility of the product to new energy consumption to measure, instead of taking the product to calculate." Lin Boqiang said, foreign consumer use of photovoltaic products, actually played the effect of energy-saving emission reduction, but China is just" for others to be a fool for one's pains". " Said photovoltaic solar energy is a new energy, China now is a false proposition."
While photovoltaic products generated in the production process of pollution problems can not be ignored. Last year, Zhejiang Haining photovoltaic enterprises Branch energy limited because of the pollution of the environment by the local government departments. In August last year, branch KB0 energy surrounding the large number of fish deaths, local villagers considered crystal branch energy caused by pollution. In fact, last April, crystal branch energy outfall have exceed the standard, the local environmental protection departments have been ordered to company reform, but reform is not thorough.
Raise home market to accommodate degree to accelerate industrial integration
Some experts reminded the, our country should vigilant photovoltaic products export to the " new energy sources the name of the high energy consumption of the real", grasp the current international market demand is depressed chance, give real action to open up the domestic market.
Shi Lishan said, China is a big country in energy consumption, coal consumption of total energy consumption of more than 70%, facing the huge pressure of resources and environment, the development of photovoltaic power generation be imperative. The current German photovoltaic power generation accounted for the total generating capacity of 3%, if 2020photovoltaic power generation in our country accounted for3% of total generating capacity, photovoltaic generating capacity will reach300000000000 kwh, need to install photovoltaic capacity of 200000000 kilowatts. According to this target needs every year to install 20000000 kilowatt, this will be the development of PV industry in China to provide important support.
Shi Lishan says, in recent years, our country adopts the concession tender launched large-scale photovoltaic building, in a conventional power station construction and management pattern of construction of large photovoltaic power station, which is to promote China's photovoltaic power station construction plays an important role in. But this concentration to build large photovoltaic power generation, far distance transmission uses of solar energy is not science. Solar energy resources are the main characteristics of wide distribution, solar photovoltaic power generation are the advantages of distributed application. So, to quicken the reform of power system, the user terminal open power market, cultivating the distributed photovoltaic market, provides the system safeguard for the development of photovoltaic industry.
Lin Boqiang thinks, current is the reflection of our old development mode should be gradually reduced, homeopathy photovoltaic products export. " We can't put the total import and export volume as the evaluation index of economic opening degree only, rather than on the export of products for comprehensive evaluation, change of high energy-consuming products export function dependence. Should mainly to internal trade, the export scale control in 10%, the abolition of export tax rebates". He suggested that proper increase of photovoltaic products resources tax," to improve the environmental threshold, is at this stage of the feasibility of means, but also international practice."
If the conditions are ripe, can also be combined with the energy consumption level, the more difference of import and export tax policy. Zhang Hanbing said, even belong to high energy-consuming products, if an enterprise production efficiency high, can use a preferential import and export duties. In order to guide the enterprises to improve production level, avoid to whole industry make it rigidly uniform"". " Of course, the establishment of the enterprise energy saving, emission monitoring detection system has put forward higher requirements."
At the same time, we should strengthen the study of photovoltaic industry integration, to deal with the industry "shuffle". Chinese photovoltaic industry average profit rate was more than30%, some even more than 50%. Manufacture of Regal myths and local government's enthusiasm, encourage a lot of irrational investment behavior. Statistic shows, the country's 31 provinces ( area, city) of the photovoltaic industry as priority support emerging industries, more from the real estate, clothing, textile and other industrial capital poured into, and these enterprises are generally small scale, energy utilization level is low, the product quality is difficult to guarantee. Xu Zheng thinks, should seize the international market fatigued and weak cause photovoltaic industry widespread loss of opportunity, accelerate the elimination of speculative enterprises, to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises of advantage company annex, stimulate the scale effect, enhance the core competitiveness of industries.
For accelerating the development of the domestic PV market, perfect grid-connected photovoltaic power generation technology and standards will be imperative. Beijing Jiaotong University Institute of solar energy research institute director Xu Zheng thinks, want to strengthen a grid-connected photovoltaic technology research and development efforts, establish the microgrid demonstration engineering. Two is the organization of Power Grid Corp, photovoltaic power installation providers and operators, photovoltaic and storage equipment manufacturers develop photovoltaic technology standard. Three is to enhance the power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises communication and coordination between the, guide the conditional, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation facilities with little difficulty in grid, from easy to difficult, and constantly improve the photovoltaic grid-connected system.
In addition, some experts think that should accelerate breed diversification of the PV market, adhere to the power generation and application of combined support from the network, combining with the construction of photovoltaic power generation systems, photovoltaic systems, small off-grid PV system applications, the development of diversified consumer products photovoltaic.
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